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徐紀(jì)康 整理
日本消息:東京地鐵向《國際鐵路公報》透露,計劃在1435毫米軌距的丸之內(nèi)線(4號線)引入其稱為“GoA2.5級”的列車控制系統(tǒng)。
丸之內(nèi)線自2008年起便采用有人值守的自動駕駛系統(tǒng)(ATO),達(dá)到GoA2級自動化水平。目前東京地鐵正在開展GoA2.5級系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)場測試,預(yù)計將于2027財年末部分投入使用。
東京地鐵表示,GoA2.5是日本本土定義的自動化等級,介于國際電工委員會(IEC)62267標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的GoA2級與GoA3級之間。根據(jù)該國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn),GoA2級為駕駛室內(nèi)配備司機的有人值守自動駕駛,GoA3級則基本為無人駕駛模式,僅在列車上配備一名乘務(wù)員。
GoA2.5級同樣不設(shè)專職司機,僅配備一名隨車乘務(wù)員,但該工作人員需位于列車前部的駕駛室內(nèi)。這一設(shè)置便于其在緊急情況下觸發(fā)緊急制動,同時能在列車需疏散時及時提供引導(dǎo)。
CBTC系統(tǒng)部署
東京地鐵還在推進(jìn)全網(wǎng)基于通信的列車控制(CBTC)系統(tǒng)部署。丸之內(nèi)線作為該運營商九條線路中首個完成該技術(shù)鋪設(shè)的線路,已于2024年12月實現(xiàn)全線CBTC系統(tǒng)運營。
此前,東京地鐵已利用一列改裝列車,在丸之內(nèi)線中野坂上站至本站的三站支線,對三菱電機提供的CBTC設(shè)備進(jìn)行了大量測試。
日比谷線(2號線)預(yù)計將于2026財年切換至CBTC系統(tǒng)運營,半藏門線(11號線)則計劃在2028財年完成該系統(tǒng)安裝。
附 GoA2.5級和GoA3級自動化系統(tǒng)的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在人員配置及職責(zé)、自動化程度等方面,具體如下:
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人員配置及職責(zé)
GoA2.5級:配備一名非司機的工作人員,位于列車前部的駕駛室內(nèi),除正常職責(zé)外,還負(fù)責(zé)在緊急情況下進(jìn)行緊急停止操作和疏散引導(dǎo)等。
GoA3級:車上沒有司機,僅安排一名乘務(wù)人員,其主要職責(zé)是應(yīng)對突發(fā)事件,如控制車門開關(guān)以及在緊急情況下對列車進(jìn)行控制。
自動化程度
GoA2.5級:介于GoA2和GoA3之間,雖然列車運行也具備較高的自動化水平,但在緊急情況下需要工作人員在駕駛室內(nèi)直接進(jìn)行干預(yù)操作。
GoA3級:列車基本具備全自動駕駛的功能,由信號系統(tǒng)對列車運行進(jìn)行全程控制,列車的啟動、停站、運行均由信號系統(tǒng)控制,乘務(wù)人員的干預(yù)相對較少。
原文如下:
Tokyo Metro to introduce GoA2·5 automated operation on the Marunouchi Line
JAPAN: Tokyo Metro is working to introduce what it calls ‘GoA2·5’ train control on the 1 435 mm gauge Marunouchi Line (Line 4), the operator has told Railway Gazette International.
The Marunouchi Line has been operating using attended ATO to Grade of Automation 2 since 2008, and Tokyo Metro is now undertaking field testing of GoA2·5, ahead of a partial roll-out by the end of FY2027.
Tokyo Metro says GoA2·5 is a term which is used in Japan to define a level of attended automated operation somewhere between GoA2 and GoA3. In the IEC 62267 international standard, GoA2 is defined as attended ATO with a driver in the cab, while GoA3 is essentially driverless operation with an attendant somewhere onboard.
GoA2·5 also has an onboard attendant rather than a driver, but this staff member is located in the cab at the front of the train. This allows them to intervene by triggering an emergency stop if necessary, and to be on hand to provide guidance if a train has to be evacuated.
CBTC deployment
Tokyo Metro is also working to introduce CBTC across its network. The technology was put into operation across the whole of the Marunouchi Line in December 2024, as the first of the nine lines to be equipped by the operator. This followed extensive testing of CBTC equipment supplied by Mitsubishi Electric on the three-station Marunouchi Line branch between Nakano-sakaue and Honancho using a single modified trainset.
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Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line
A Hibiya Line trainset.
The Hibiya Line (Line 2) is due to switch over to CBTC operation in FY2026, while installation is planned to be completed on the Hanzomon Line (Line 11) in FY 2028.
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