奇速英語AI伴學高中英語語法知識點匯總(考點精講+口訣速記+真題練習)
奇速英語高中語法|高中英語非謂語動詞專項突破
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第四章 非謂語動詞:突破復雜句式變形(考點精講+口訣速記+真題練習)
非謂語動詞是高中語法“重難點天花板”,高考占比約15%,不僅考查“to do/doing/done”的基礎功能,更側重“獨立主格、分詞作狀語邏輯主語、非謂語與謂語的時態語態呼應”等復雜考點,掌握“三形式、四維度、五陷阱”即可高效突破。
一、非謂語動詞核心考點回顧(高中拓展版)
1. 動詞不定式(to do / to be done)
- 核心功能:除“主賓定狀補”外,新增結果狀語(only to do,表意外結果,如He hurried to the station only to find the train had left)、疑問詞+to do(作賓語,如I don’t know how to solve the problem)。
- 時態語態:根據與邏輯主語的關系判斷——主動用“to do/to be doing/to have done”,被動用“to be done/to have been done”(如She is said to have been working here for 10 years,表“被說已經工作了10年”)。
2. 動名詞(doing / being done / having done / having been done)
- 核心功能:新增復合結構(形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格+doing,如His coming late made the teacher angry)、作介詞賓語的復雜場景(如instead of doing,be devoted to doing,pay attention to doing)。
- 時態語態:強調“先于謂語動作”用“having done/having been done”(如Having finished his homework,he went out,表“完成作業后出去”);被動含義用“being done/having been done”(如Being criticized by the teacher,he felt sad)。
3. 分詞(doing / done / having done / having been done)
- 現在分詞:表“主動/進行”,新增獨立主格結構(邏輯主語+doing,如Weather permitting,we will have a picnic,“天氣”與“允許”是主動關系)、作伴隨狀語(如He walked down the street,singing happily)。
- 過去分詞:表“被動/完成”,需區分“及物動詞done”(表被動,如a broken cup)與“不及物動詞done”(表完成,如fallen leaves);新增作獨立成分(如Judging from his accent,he is from the south,“judging from”為固定獨立分詞短語)。
二、2025各省市高考英語真題練習(30道)
1. (2025·全國甲卷)______ the instructions carefully before you use the machine, or you may meet with danger.
A. Read B. Reading C. To read D. Having read
2. (2025·全國乙卷)The novel ______ by Mo Yan last year has been translated into 10 languages.
A. written B. writing C. to write D. having written
3. (2025·全國新課標卷)______ for two hours, the workers stopped to have a rest.
A. Worked B. Working C. Having worked D. To work
4. (2025·北京卷)The manager promised ______ the problem as soon as possible.
A. solve B. solving C. to solve D. to have solved
5. (2025·上海卷)—What do you think of the book?
—It’s worth ______ a second time.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. being read
6. (2025·天津卷)______ in the countryside for 10 years, he knows a lot about plants.
A. Living B. Having lived C. To live D. Lived
7. (2025·浙江卷)The girl ______ in the library is my classmate. She is preparing for the exam.
A. study B. studying C. to study D. studied
8. (2025·江蘇卷)The meeting ______ tomorrow will be of great importance.
A. hold B. holding C. to be held D. held
9. (2025·山東卷)He was found ______ in the classroom, with his eyes ______ on the book.
A. sitting; fixing B. sitting; fixed C. sit; fixed D. sat; fixing
10. (2025·湖北卷)______ the project in time, we need to work an extra hour every day.
A. Complete B. Completing C. To complete D. Having completed
11. (2025·湖南卷)I remember ______ the door when I left, but now it’s open.
A. lock B. locking C. to lock D. locked
12. (2025·廣東卷)The building ______ now will be a modern shopping mall.
A. build B. building C. being built D. built
13. (2025·四川卷)______ by the heavy rain, we had to put off the sports meeting.
A. Stop B. Stopping C. To stop D. Stopped
14. (2025·福建卷)She suggested ______ a meeting to discuss the problem.
A. hold B. holding C. to hold D. held
15. (2025·遼寧卷)It’s no use ______ about the mistake. We should find a way to correct it.
A. worry B. worrying C. to worry D. worried
16. (2025·吉林卷)The boy ______ to the teacher is my brother. He is explaining his absence.
A. talk B. talking C. to talk D. talked
17. (2025·黑龍江卷)______ the first bus, he got up very early this morning.
A. Catch B. Catching C. To catch D. Caught
18. (2025·云南卷)The report ______ by the expert has been accepted by the government.
A. write B. writing C. to write D. written
19. (2025·貴州卷)I regret ______ you that you didn’t pass the exam.
A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. told
20. (2025·河南卷)______ in the traffic jam for an hour, he was late for the interview.
A. Stuck B. Sticking C. To stick D. Having stuck
21. (2025·河北卷)The question ______ at the meeting yesterday is still under discussion.
A. raise B. raising C. to raise D. raised
22. (2025·山西卷)He tried ______ the door, but it was locked.
A. open B. opening C. to open D. opened
23. (2025·甘肅卷)______ from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful.
A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see
24. (2025·青海卷)The book ______ next month will be about environmental protection.
A. publish B. publishing C. to be published D. published
25. (2025·寧夏卷)______ his homework, he started to watch TV.
A. Finish B. Finishing C. To finish D. Having finished
26. (2025·新疆卷)The little girl was found ______ in the corner, crying.
A. sit B. sitting C. to sit D. sat
27. (2025·內蒙古卷)It’s important ______ English well in senior high school.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned
28. (2025·海南卷)The bridge ______ now is expected to be completed next year.
A. build B. building C. being built D. built
29. (2025·西藏卷)She couldn’t help ______ when she heard the funny story.
A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed
30. (2025·重慶卷)______ by his teacher, he made great progress in English.
A. Encourage B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. To encourage
三、答案及解析
1. 答案:A
解析:句中“or”連接并列句,前半句為祈使句,需用動詞原形開頭,故選A。考查考點:祈使句與非謂語動詞的區分(避免誤選非謂語形式)。
2. 答案:A
解析:“novel”與“write”是被動關系,且“last year”表動作已完成,用過去分詞“written”作定語,故選A。考查考點:過去分詞作定語(表被動+完成)。
3. 答案:C
解析:“work”動作先于“stopped”,且“workers”與“work”是主動關系,用“having worked”表“先完成工作后休息”,故選C。考查考點:現在分詞完成式(having done)。
4. 答案:C
解析:“promise to do sth.”為固定搭配,表“承諾做某事”,此處無“先于謂語”的含義,無需用“to have solved”,故選C。考查考點:動詞不定式作賓語(基礎用法)。
5. 答案:B
解析:“be worth doing”為固定搭配,主動形式表被動含義(“值得被讀”),無需用“being read”,故選B。考查考點:動名詞的特殊用法(主動表被動)。
6. 答案:B
解析:“live”動作先于“knows”,且“he”與“live”是主動關系,用“having lived”表“在農村住了10年后”,故選B。考查考點:現在分詞完成式(表先于謂語的主動動作)。
7. 答案:B
解析:“girl”與“study”是主動關系,且“正在圖書館學習”表進行,用現在分詞“studying”作定語,故選B。考查考點:現在分詞作定語(表主動+進行)。
8. 答案:C
解析:“meeting”與“hold”是被動關系,且“tomorrow”表動作未發生,用“to be held”作定語,故選C。考查考點:動詞不定式作定語(表被動+將來)。
9. 答案:B
解析:第一空“find sb. doing sth.”表“發現某人正在做某事”,“he”與“sit”是主動關系,用“sitting”;第二空“eyes”與“fix”是被動關系(“眼睛被固定在書上”),用“fixed”,故選B。考查考點:現在分詞與過去分詞作賓補的區分。
10. 答案:C
解析:此處用“to complete”作目的狀語,表“為了及時完成項目”,故選C。考查考點:動詞不定式作目的狀語。
11. 答案:B
解析:“remember doing sth.”表“記得做過某事”,“remember to do sth.”表“記得要做某事”;結合“離開時鎖門但現在開著”,可知是“記得做過”,故選B。考查考點:動名詞與不定式作賓語的語義區分(remember doing/to do)。
12. 答案:C
解析:“building”與“build”是被動關系,且“now”表動作正在進行,用“being built”作定語,故選C。考查考點:現在分詞被動式(being done)作定語。
13. 答案:D
解析:“we”與“stop”是被動關系(“被大雨困住”),用過去分詞“stopped”作狀語,故選D。考查考點:過去分詞作狀語(表被動)。
14. 答案:B
解析:“suggest doing sth.”為固定搭配,表“建議做某事”,“suggest”后接動名詞,故選B。考查考點:常接動名詞的動詞(suggest)。
15. 答案:B
解析:“It’s no use doing sth.”為固定句型,表“做某事沒用”,用動名詞“worrying”,故選B。考查考點:動名詞作主語的固定句型。
16. 答案:B
解析:“boy”與“talk”是主動關系,且“正在和老師談話”表進行,用現在分詞“talking”作定語,故選B。考查考點:現在分詞作定語(表主動+進行)。
17. 答案:C
解析:此處用“to catch”作目的狀語,表“為了趕上第一班車”,故選C。考查考點:動詞不定式作目的狀語。
18. 答案:D
解析:“report”與“write”是被動關系,且動作已完成,用過去分詞“written”作定語,故選D。考查考點:過去分詞作定語(表被動+完成)。
19. 答案:C
解析:“regret to do sth.”表“遺憾要做某事”(后接不好的消息),“regret doing sth.”表“后悔做過某事”;結合“告訴你沒通過考試”,是“遺憾要告知”,故選C。考查考點:動名詞與不定式作賓語的語義區分(regret doing/to do)。
20. 答案:A
解析:“be stuck in”為固定短語,表“被困在……”,此處省略“be”,用過去分詞“stuck”作狀語,故選A。考查考點:過去分詞作狀語(固定短語省略be)。
21. 答案:D
解析:“question”與“raise”是被動關系,且“yesterday”表動作已完成,用過去分詞“raised”作定語,故選D。考查考點:過去分詞作定語(表被動+完成)。
22. 答案:C
解析:“try to do sth.”表“努力做某事”,“try doing sth.”表“嘗試做某事”;結合“門被鎖了”,可知是“努力開門”,故選C。考查考點:動名詞與不定式作賓語的語義區分(try doing/to do)。
23. 答案:C
解析:“city”與“see”是被動關系(“從山頂看城市”=“城市被從山頂看”),用過去分詞“seen”作狀語,故選C。考查考點:過去分詞作狀語(表被動,邏輯主語與主句主語一致)。
24. 答案:C
解析:“book”與“publish”是被動關系,且“next month”表動作未發生,用“to be published”作定語,故選C。考查考點:動詞不定式作定語(表被動+將來)。
25. 答案:D
解析:“finish”動作先于“started”,且“he”與“finish”是主動關系,用“having finished”表“完成作業后開始看電視”,故選D。考查考點:現在分詞完成式(表先于謂語的主動動作)。
26. 答案:B
解析:“find sb. sitting”表“發現某人正坐著”,“girl”與“sit”是主動關系且表進行,用“sitting”,故選B。考查考點:現在分詞作賓補(表主動+進行)。
27. 答案:C
解析:“It’s important to do sth.”為固定句型,表“做某事很重要”,“it”為形式主語,真正主語是“to learn”,故選C。考查考點:動詞不定式作真正主語。
28. 答案:C
解析:“bridge”與“build”是被動關系,且“now”表動作正在進行,用“being built”作定語,故選C。考查考點:現在分詞被動式(being done)作定語。
29. 答案:B
解析:“couldn’t help doing sth.”為固定搭配,表“忍不住做某事”,“help”后接動名詞,故選B。考查考點:常接動名詞的動詞短語(couldn’t help doing)。
30. 答案:C
解析:“he”與“encourage”是被動關系(“被老師鼓勵”),用過去分詞“encouraged”作狀語,故選C。考查考點:過去分詞作狀語(表被動)。
四、奇速英語名師大串講:高中非謂語動詞(命題視角·口訣速記版)
高中非謂語動詞命題核心是“時態呼應+語態判斷+邏輯主語匹配”,3類高頻陷阱占錯題率80%,用“三階口訣”可精準避坑,分數直接提5-8分!
1. 命題高頻點1:非謂語與時態的“先后關系”(占比35%)
- 核心陷阱:混淆“一般式(doing/to do)”與“完成式(having done/to have done)”,誤將“先于謂語的動作”用一般式(如“Finish homework, he went out”)。
- 速記口訣:
“非謂動作先發生,完成形式(having done)要記清;
謂動之后或同時,一般式(doing/to do)就可行;
不定式完成(to have done)表‘本應’,如‘regret to have lied’(后悔本應撒謊)。”
- 真題對應:第3題(Having worked)、第6題(Having lived),均因“非謂動作先于謂語”用完成式,若誤選“Working/Living”則忽略時態先后。
2. 命題高頻點2:非謂語與語態的“主動被動”(占比30%)
- 核心陷阱:未判斷“非謂動詞與邏輯主語”的關系,誤將被動動作用作主動(如“Being built the bridge is tall”)、主動動作用作被動(如“The girl loved by her mother is happy”表述正確,但易誤改為“loving”)。
- 速記口訣:
“邏輯主語是‘主人’,主動形式(doing/to do)往前奔;
邏輯主語是‘客人’(被動),done/being done/to be done跟;
及物動詞看‘承受’,不及物動詞看‘完成’(如fallen leaves表完成,無被動)。”
- 真題對應:第9題(sitting表主動,fixed表被動)、第12題(being built表被動+進行),需先找邏輯主語(he/eyes/building),再判斷主動被動。
3. 命題高頻點3:復雜結構的“邏輯主語”(占比25%)
- 核心陷阱:獨立主格結構漏看“自帶邏輯主語”(如“Weather permitting”誤寫為“Weather permitted”)、分詞作狀語邏輯主語與主句主語不匹配(如“Seeing from the hill, the city is beautiful”誤寫為“Seeing from the hill, I like the city”)。
- 速記口訣:
“分詞作狀看主語,主句主語是‘依據’;
前后主語不統一,獨立主格(名/代+doing/done)來救急;
固定短語不用管,‘judging from’‘generally speaking’直接選。”
- 真題對應:第20題(stuck in邏輯主語是he,“被卡住”用被動,無需獨立主格)、第23題(seen邏輯主語是city,表被動,若誤選seeing則邏輯主語錯)。
4. 命題高頻點4:易混動詞的“固定搭配”(占比10%)
- 核心陷阱:混淆“接doing”與“接to do”的動詞(如“suggest to do”“regret doing表遺憾”)、特殊短語的被動含義(如“be worth doing”主動表被動,誤寫為“be worth being done”)。
- 速記口訣:
“‘建議避免’(suggest/avoid)‘喜完成’(enjoy/finish),后接doing不含混;
‘希望決定’(hope/decide)‘愿學習’(want/learn),to do緊跟不跑偏;
‘后悔記得’(regret/remember)‘試繼續’(try/go on),分情況:‘做過doing’‘要做to do’;
‘worth/busy’很特殊,主動形式表被動。”
- 真題對應:第11題(remember locking表做過)、第19題(regret to tell表要做),需按“做過/要做”區分搭配。
5. 命題老師“避坑終極提醒”
1. 遇到非謂語題,先按“找邏輯主語→判主動被動→看時態先后”三步解題,90%題目可秒殺;
2. 看到“only to do”直接選“意外結果”,看到“having done”直接對應“先于謂語的動作”;
3. 獨立主格結構中,“with+賓語+doing/done”是高頻考點(如with the door open),“open”為形容詞,非謂語需結合語境選doing/done;
4. 高考中“to be done”(表將來被動)、“being done”(表現在被動)、“done”(表過去被動)的區分,可通過時間標志詞(tomorrow/now/yesterday)快速定位。
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