春節期間,很多地方都有吃“糯唧唧”的習俗,像是諧音“年年高”的年糕,“八方來財”的八寶飯……不僅寓意好,還好看、好吃。
不過,需要注意的是,黏乎乎的糯米食物也是非常“危險”的食物,特別是對于老人、小孩,稍不留神就成了“舌尖上的殺手”!
During Spring Festival, many places have traditions of eating soft, sticky glutinous rice foods. However, these treats can be surprisingly dangerous — especially for the elderly and children.
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糯米為什么這么黏?
為什么糯米是黏的,普通大米就不黏呢?主要原因是因為它們淀粉的類型不同。根據結構不同,淀粉主要分為兩種:直鏈淀粉和支鏈淀粉。
直鏈淀粉像一條長長的“繩子”,它分叉少、鏈接更緊密,淀粉酶把它剪成小段比較費時費力,因此直鏈比例高一些的大米,通常口感更硬一些;
支鏈淀粉有很多支鏈,淀粉酶可以從多個角度同時下手剪切,就比較容易切斷。支鏈比例高的,口感更軟糯。
The difference in stickiness between glutinous rice and regular rice comes down to the types of starch they contain. Starch is mainly divided into two types: amylose (like a long rope with few branches) and amylopectin (highly branched). The higher the amylopectin ratio, the softer and stickier the texture.
糯米淀粉中支鏈淀粉占80%以上,直鏈淀粉較少,所以糯米要比其它米更黏一些,驢打滾、粽子、糍粑、青團等糯米制作成的食物口感也更加黏軟。
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圖源:視覺中國
吃糯米制品這些事情要注意
1.專心吃
糯米類食物口感黏糯,吃的時候一定要專心專注,不要嬉笑、打鬧、說話,避免發生哽噎甚至窒息風險,別讓美味變成“舌尖上的殺手”。
Eat glutinous rice with full attention — no laughing, joking, or talking while chewing — to avoid choking or suffocation.
2.趁熱吃
剛出鍋的熱糯米飯,消化速度是很快的。之所以很多人會覺得糯米不好消化,一個比較普遍的原因是因為大家放涼了。
研究發現,糯米放涼、冷卻后,支鏈淀粉就會很快地相互連接成致密的結構,黏性和韌性增大,進而影響人體內消化酶的作用、增加消化負擔 。因此,糯米食物最好趁熱吃,如果放涼了,不妨重新加熱透再吃。
When cooled, amylopectin molecules of glutinous rice form a dense structure, increasing stickiness and toughness, which burdens digestion. So enjoy it hot, or reheat thoroughly if cooled.
3.適量吃,不多吃
很多糯米食物還會加肉、蛋黃、蜜棗、豆沙、紅糖等餡料、輔料,這就導致很多糯米食物看著個頭不大,但能量可不低。比如一個中等大小的粽子熱量至少有300千卡,比一碗米飯還要多。因此,糯米食物好吃,也要注意適量,不要吃太多。
Many glutinous rice dishes contain meat, egg yolks or sweet fillings etc. Though small in size, they pack calories. Delicious as they are, be mindful not to overeat.
4.替換其他主食
糯米跟普通大米的營養是差不多的,主要提供能量,因此如果吃糯米食物,一定要減少主食的攝入量,以免能量過剩,造成肥胖、高血糖等疾病。
If eating glutinous rice foods, reduce intake of other staples to avoid excess calories, which can lead to obesity or high blood sugar.
5.特殊人群要慎食
糯米是一種高GI (升糖指數) 食物。 對于糖尿病人群,單日食用量不建議超過50克。另外,老年人、兒童和心血管病患者、腸胃消化功能較弱者都應少量食用。
Glutinous rice has a high glycemic index. For diabetics, daily intake should not exceed 50 grams. The elderly, children, those with cardiovascular disease or weak digestion should also eat sparingly.
來源:光明網、科普中國
跟著China Daily
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