書院文化 · 設計以“輕”的態度謹慎介入歷史建筑 | LIGHT RETROFIT INTERVENTION

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書院，作為中國古代重要的教育機構和文化載體，承載著深厚的歷史文化底蘊。近年來，隨著傳統文化復興熱潮的興起，書院文化也迎來了新的發展機遇，呈現出以下趨勢：功能多元化：傳統書院以講學、藏書為主，而現代書院則拓展了功能，集閱讀、展覽、講座、文創、休閑于一體，成為綜合性文化空間。空間開放化：傳統書院相對封閉，而現代書院則更加開放，注重與周邊環境的融合，打造開放共享的文化交流平臺。形式多樣化：現代書院不再局限于傳統建筑形式，而是結合現代設計理念，呈現出多樣化的發展趨勢，如鄉村書院、社區書院、企業書院等。科技賦能：現代書院積極運用互聯網、大數據等科技手段，打造線上線下融合發展的智慧書院，提升服務效率和用戶體驗。

Academies, as important educational institutions and cultural carriers in ancient China, carry profound historical and cultural deposits. In recent years, with the rise of the revival of traditional culture, academy culture has also ushered in new opportunities for development, showing the following trends: functional diversification: Traditional academies mainly lecture and collect books, while modern academies expand their functions, integrating reading, exhibitions, lectures, cultural creation and leisure, and becoming comprehensive cultural Spaces. Open space: Traditional academies are relatively closed, while modern academies are more open, focusing on the integration with the surrounding environment to create an open and shared cultural exchange platform. Diversified forms: Modern academies are no longer limited to traditional architectural forms, but combined with modern design concepts, showing a diversified development trend, such as rural academies, community academies, and enterprise academies. Technology empowerment: Modern Academy actively uses the Internet, big data and other scientific and technological means to create a smart academy that integrates online and offline development to improve service efficiency and user experience.

書院文化空間規劃應遵循“傳承文化、服務當代、面向未來”的理念：

一、規劃設計：選址布局：書院選址應注重文化氛圍和自然環境，可選擇歷史文化街區、風景名勝區、鄉村田園等地點。布局上應注重功能分區，合理規劃閱讀區、展覽區、講座區、休閑區等空間。交通流線：書院內部交通流線應清晰流暢，方便讀者到達各個功能區域。同時，應注重與外部交通的銜接，方便讀者到達。景觀設計：書院景觀設計應注重與建筑風格的協調，營造寧靜優雅的文化氛圍。可結合當地自然景觀和文化特色，打造獨具特色的書院景觀。

二、空間設計：空間尺度：書院空間尺度應適宜，既要避免過于空曠，也要避免過于擁擠。應根據不同功能區域的需求，合理控制空間尺度。空間層次：書院空間應注重層次感，通過隔斷、屏風、綠化等手段，營造出豐富的空間層次，增強空間趣味性。空間氛圍：書院空間氛圍應寧靜優雅，營造出濃厚的文化氛圍。可通過燈光、色彩、材質等手段，營造出舒適溫馨的閱讀環境。

三、景觀設計：庭院景觀：書院庭院景觀應注重自然與人文的結合，可種植花草樹木，設置假山流水，營造出寧靜優雅的庭院景觀。屋頂花園：書院屋頂花園可充分利用空間，種植花草樹木，打造綠色生態的屋頂花園，為讀者提供休閑放松的空間。景觀小品：書院景觀小品應注重文化內涵，可設置雕塑、石刻、碑文等，增強書院的文化氛圍。

四、材料應用：傳統材料：書院建筑可選用木材、磚石等傳統材料，體現傳統書院的建筑風格和文化底蘊。現代材料：書院建筑也可選用玻璃、鋼材等現代材料，體現現代書院的時代氣息和創新精神。環保材料：書院建筑應注重環保，選用環保材料，打造綠色生態的書院空間。

五、氛圍營造：燈光設計：書院燈光設計應注重營造寧靜優雅的氛圍，可采用柔和的燈光，避免使用過于明亮的燈光。色彩搭配：書院色彩搭配應注重和諧統一，可采用素雅的色彩，如白色、灰色、木色等，營造出寧靜舒適的氛圍。音樂選擇：書院可選擇播放輕柔舒緩的音樂，營造出寧靜優雅的氛圍，幫助讀者放松身心，沉浸閱讀。

Academy cultural space planning should follow the concept of "inheriting culture, serving the present and facing the future" :

I. Planning and design: Location layout: The location of the academy should pay attention to the cultural atmosphere and natural environment, and can choose historical and cultural blocks, scenic spots, rural fields and other locations. The layout should pay attention to functional zoning, reasonable planning of reading area, exhibition area, lecture area, leisure area and other Spaces. Traffic flow line: The traffic flow line within the academy should be clear and smooth, convenient for readers to reach each functional area. At the same time, attention should be paid to the connection with external traffic to facilitate readers to reach. Landscape design: The academy landscape design should pay attention to the coordination with the architectural style to create a quiet and elegant cultural atmosphere. It can combine the local natural landscape and cultural characteristics to create a unique academy landscape.

2. Spatial design: Spatial scale: The spatial scale of the academy should be appropriate, avoiding both too empty and too crowded. The spatial scale should be controlled reasonably according to the needs of different functional areas. Space level: The academy space should pay attention to the sense of hierarchy, through partition, screen, greening and other means to create a rich space level, enhance the space interest. Space atmosphere: The academy space atmosphere should be quiet and elegant, creating a strong cultural atmosphere. Through lighting, color, material and other means, to create a comfortable and warm reading environment.

Iii. Landscape design: Courtyard landscape: The courtyard landscape of the academy should pay attention to the combination of nature and humanity. Flowers and trees can be planted, and rockery water can be set up to create a quiet and elegant courtyard landscape. Roof garden: The roof garden of the Academy can make full use of space, plant flowers and trees, create a green ecological roof garden, and provide readers with a relaxing space. Landscape sketches: Academy landscape sketches should pay attention to cultural connotations, and sculptures, stone carvings, inscriptions, etc., can be set up to enhance the cultural atmosphere of the academy.

4. Application of materials: Traditional materials: Wood, brick and other traditional materials can be used for academy construction to reflect the architectural style and cultural heritage of traditional academies. Modern materials: Glass, steel and other modern materials can also be used for academy architecture, reflecting the atmosphere of The Times and the spirit of innovation of modern academies. Environmental protection materials: The academy building should pay attention to environmental protection, choose environmental protection materials, and create a green and ecological academy space.

Lighting design: College lighting design should focus on creating a quiet and elegant atmosphere, soft lighting can be used to avoid the use of too bright lights. Color matching: Academy color matching should pay attention to harmony and unity, can use simple and elegant colors, such as white, gray, wood, etc., to create a quiet and comfortable atmosphere. Music selection: The Academy can choose to play soft and soothing music to create a quiet and elegant atmosphere to help readers relax and immerse themselves in reading.

一、大理 · 崇正書院

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

先鋒巍山崇正書院位于云南大理巍山古城的西側。巍山作為南詔文化的發源地，其古城擁有超過600年的歷史，至今仍完整地保留了明清時期的城市布局；而崇正書院則始建于明朝弘治年間，距今已有500多年的歷史，經歷了多次興衰變遷。2021年，應當地政府及先鋒書店之邀將其轉變為集書店、展覽、小劇場和咖啡于一體的綜合功能空間——先鋒書店，旨在重新激發該場所曾經的活力與人文精神，助力于巍山的城市復興。此外，設計任務還涵蓋了書院周邊區域的城市設計規劃，通過引入先鋒書店及其他新型業態，致力于打造一個充滿活力的生活方式目的地，從而推動整個區域的城市更新進程。

Vanguard Weishan Chongzheng Academy is located on the west side of Weishan Ancient City, Dali, Yunnan. As the birthplace of Nanzhao culture, Weishan city has a history of more than 600 years, and still retains the complete urban layout of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Chongzheng Academy was founded during the reign of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, which has a history of more than 500 years and has experienced many ups and downs. In 2021, at the invitation of the local government and Bookstore Avant-Garde, TAO undertook the design of the conservation, restoration and revitalization of Chongzheng Academy, transforming it into a comprehensive functional space integrating bookstore, exhibition, small theater and coffee - Bookstore Avant-Garde, with the aim of reinvigorating the vitality and humanistic spirit of the site and contributing to the urban rejuvenation of Weishan. In addition, the design task covers the urban planning of the surrounding area of the Academy, aiming to create a vibrant lifestyle destination through the introduction of the Avant-Garde Bookstore and other new formats, thereby promoting the urban renewal process of the entire area.

從區位上看，該片區位于古城與新城之間，交通十分便利，周邊的服務配套設施也在逐漸完善，是引入新鮮元素、激活城市的絕佳位置。片區更新的目標是以先鋒書店作為核心引擎，引入新的業態，形成新舊生活方式的集群，打造包括文創、咖啡、酒吧、公共藝術、開放集市等多元化的空間，并通過城市活力動線將片區周邊連接起來進行織補。在這個連接鄉愁與未來的關鍵時空節點上，先鋒書店和新業態的引入必須與過去鮮活的記憶相互依存。因此，在進行城市設計時，上述三個場地重要存量的保護和有機更新至關重要。在設計中，崇正書院以及鐵工廠的歷史原貌得到了完好保留，為古樹重新設計了樹池，并且依托大樹和書院設置了下沉式戶外庭院，以此激活人和巨樹之間的互動關系。以巨樹作為視覺中心，略微旋轉角度的城市廣場成為了城市空間的核心，其目的在于連接東西兩側的城市街道，激發戶外城市生活的多種可能性。

From the perspective of location, this area is located between the ancient city and the new city, the transportation is very convenient, and the surrounding service facilities are gradually improving, which is the perfect location to introduce fresh elements and activate the city. The goal of the renewal of the area is to use the Avant-garde bookstore as the core engine, introduce new business forms, form a cluster of old and new lifestyles, create a diversified space including cultural innovation, coffee, bars, public art, open markets, etc., and connect the surrounding area through the urban dynamic line for mending. At this critical point in time and space connecting nostalgia and the future, the introduction of Avant-Garde and new formats must be interdependent with the living memory of the past. Therefore, the preservation and organic renewal of the important stock of the above three sites is of Paramount importance when urban design is carried out. In the design, the original historical appearance of Chongzheng Academy and the Iron Factory was preserved, the tree pool was redesigned for the old trees, and a sunken outdoor courtyard was set up based on the big trees and the academy to activate the interaction between people and the giant trees. With the giant tree as the visual center, the slightly rotating city square becomes the core of the urban space, which aims to connect the city streets on the east and west sides and stimulate the many possibilities of outdoor urban life.

二、空間美學

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

以廣場為核心，設計并打造了一個“架構下的城市群落”。連續折疊的坡屋頂基于老廠房屋頂的基礎尺度進行生長。一方面，它延續了從巍山古城蔓延而來的城市肌理和建筑意象；另一方面，其形象又與古城建筑存在差異。廣場及檐下空間計劃引入市集、歌舞表演等原住民文化元素以及咖啡、餐飲外擺等街道生活要素。而內部空間則需滿足新業態對空間品質和尺度的多樣化需求，期望借此形成新老建筑、外來游客與原住民文化、多元業態復合空間的共生共融局面。

With the square as the core, we designed and built an "urban community under the framework". The continuously folded slope roof is grown on the basis of the foundation scale of the old factory roof. On the one hand, it continues the urban texture and architectural image spread from Weishan Ancient City; On the other hand, its image is different from the ancient city architecture. The plaza and the space under the eaves are planned to introduce indigenous cultural elements such as markets and song and dance performances, as well as street life elements such as coffee and dining stalls. The interior space needs to meet the diversified demands of the new business for spatial quality and scale, and is expected to form a symbiosis and integration situation of new and old buildings, foreign tourists, indigenous culture, and diversified business complex space.

書廊的設計與布局不僅重新定義了書院內部的空間結構，還巧妙地將周圍的院落、主殿、廂房以及耳房連接起來，使得在雨天時，客人也能輕松地在西大殿與過廳之間，以及咖啡區和閱讀空間之間自由移動。得益于巍山地區優越的溫度條件，這里四季如春，因此書院沒有設置封閉的氣候邊界，而是有意模糊了室內外的界限，通過屋頂覆蓋區域和露天部分的結合，實現了最大的開放性和連續性。漫步于書院之中，在書廊與古建筑內外穿梭，每走一步景色各異，仿佛置身于園林之中，享受著極為豐富的空間體驗及穿越時空的樂趣。

The design and layout of the library not only redefines the spatial structure of the academy, but also cleverly connects the surrounding courtyards, the main hall, the wing rooms and the auraries, so that on rainy days, guests can easily move between the west hall and the lobby, as well as between the coffee area and the reading space. Thanks to the superior temperature conditions in the Weishan region, which is like spring all year round, the Academy does not set a closed climate boundary, but deliberately blurs the boundary between indoor and outdoor, and achieves maximum openness and continuity through the combination of the roof covered area and the open air part. Walking in the academy, shuttling inside and outside the library and ancient buildings, each step of the scenery is different, as if you are in the garden, enjoying a very rich space experience and the pleasure of traveling through time and space.

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