民宿酒店案例 | 納蒙卡休小屋：智利南部雨林中的科利科湖畔、土地坡度達(dá)到 40%

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一、項(xiàng)目背景 | RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

在智利南部的雨林中，科利科湖畔矗立著這座房子。此地冬季漫長(zhǎng)且降水豐富，夏季短暫卻溫暖宜人。房子位于陡峭的南岸湖岸之上，對(duì)于南半球而言，這樣的朝向頗為理想，陽光與視野在此完美交匯。該處土地坡度達(dá)40%，土壤成分為厚厚的植被層以及沖積填充物。

這座位于智利南部雨林區(qū)科利科湖畔的住宅，其地理特征呈現(xiàn)顯著的季節(jié)性差異。該地區(qū)冬季周期漫長(zhǎng)且降水充沛，夏季則呈現(xiàn)出短暫而溫和的氣候特點(diǎn)。建筑選址于湖岸南側(cè)陡坡地帶，該方位在南半球地理環(huán)境中具有顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)——既保障了充足的日照條件，又形成了理想的景觀視野。場(chǎng)地地形坡度達(dá)40°，其地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)由茂密的植被層與湖岸沖積沉積物共同構(gòu)成。

In the rainforest of southern Chile, this house stands by Lake Colico. The winter here is long and precipitation is abundant, while the summer is short but warm and pleasant. The house is located on the steep south shore of the lake. For the Southern Hemisphere, such an orientation is quite ideal, where sunlight and views converge perfectly. The slope of the land in this area reaches 40%, and the soil composition consists of a thick vegetation layer and alluvial fillers.

This residence, located on the shore of Lake Colico in the southern rainforest area of Chile, shows significant seasonal differences in geographical features. The winter cycle in this area is long and the precipitation is abundant, while the summer presents a short and mild climate. The building is located on the steep slope on the south side of the lake shore. This orientation has a significant advantage in the geographical environment of the Southern Hemisphere - it not only ensures sufficient sunlight conditions but also forms an ideal landscape view. The terrain slope of the site reaches 40°, and its geological structure is composed of a dense vegetation layer and alluvial sediments along the lake shore.

二、設(shè)計(jì)理念 | RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

客戶提出的兩項(xiàng)主要訴求包括：其一，設(shè)計(jì)一棟高架住宅，使其與潮濕土壤相隔離。由于土壤承載力較低，這一要求在實(shí)際操作中順理成章地得以實(shí)現(xiàn)；其二，避免設(shè)置雨水槽以降低維護(hù)成本，同時(shí)考慮打造寬大的屋檐來保護(hù)窗戶免受雨水侵?jǐn)_。鑒于地基承載力薄弱、土地坡度較大以及客戶對(duì)高架房屋的要求，設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)建議建造一座四層住宅。確切地說，是四個(gè)半層結(jié)構(gòu)，它們以流暢的方式將房屋內(nèi)的日常生活有機(jī)融合在一起。這種融合，有時(shí)體現(xiàn)在視覺層面，有時(shí)則通過步行可達(dá)性來實(shí)現(xiàn)，旨在營(yíng)造家庭生活的連貫性。另一方面，這四個(gè)半層也有助于對(duì)需要保持一定距離的空間進(jìn)行合理分隔。

The two main demands raised by the client include: First, design an elevated residence to isolate it from the moist soil. Due to the relatively low soil carrying capacity, this requirement is naturally achieved in practical operation. Secondly, avoid setting up rainwater troughs to reduce maintenance costs, and at the same time consider creating wide eaves to protect Windows from rain. Given the weak bearing capacity of the foundation, the large slope of the land and the client's requirements for elevated houses, the design team suggested building a four-story residence. To be precise, there are four half-storey structures, which organically integrate the daily life within the house in a smooth way. This integration is sometimes manifested at the visual level and sometimes achieved through walking accessibility, aiming to create coherence in family life. On the other hand, these four half floors also help to reasonably divide the Spaces that need to be kept at a certain distance.

三、空間維度 | RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

這四個(gè)半層具體如下：首先是“地”層，也就是自然土壤與房屋高架地板之間的空間。該層具備足夠的厚度，能夠容納諸如游樂區(qū)、遮蔽式停車場(chǎng)以及儲(chǔ)藏室等遮蔽性戶外活動(dòng)。在“地”層之上半個(gè)樓層的位置，是“火”層。這里規(guī)劃了家庭聚會(huì)的空間，像客廳、餐廳、游戲室、廚房以及燒烤區(qū)等均設(shè)置于此。這一層擁有極佳的北向視野，且空間呈一體化設(shè)計(jì)。

再往上半個(gè)樓層，便是“中”層。此層將入口大廳、會(huì)客區(qū)和服務(wù)區(qū)進(jìn)行了整合。其中部分空間在視覺上與集體空間相融合，懸挑而出，并且可以欣賞到湖景。最上層是“夢(mèng)”層，對(duì)應(yīng)的是家庭臥室區(qū)域，其朝向?yàn)楸狈胶瓦h(yuǎn)方。從結(jié)構(gòu)方面來看，房屋依靠一條線性擋土墻支撐于山坡之上，高架支柱深入自然土壤達(dá)3米。自0層往上，房屋整體采用膠合木柱和梁框架結(jié)構(gòu)。

These four half layers are as follows: First is the "ground" layer, which is the space between the natural soil and the raised floor of the house. This floor has sufficient thickness to accommodate sheltered outdoor activities such as play areas, sheltered parking lots and storage rooms. Half a floor above the "ground" level is the "fire" level. Here, Spaces for family gatherings are planned, such as the living room, dining room, game room, kitchen and barbecue area, all of which are set up here. This floor offers an excellent northward view and features an integrated space design.

Half a floor further up is the "middle" floor. This floor integrates the entrance hall, reception area and service area. Some of the Spaces visually blend with the collective space, protruding and offering a view of the lake. The top layer is the "Dream" layer, corresponding to the family bedroom area, with its orientation towards the north and the distance. Structurally speaking, the house is supported on the hillside by a linear retaining wall, and the elevated pillars extend into the natural soil by up to 3 meters. From the 0th floor upwards, the entire building adopts a frame structure of glued laminated timber columns and beams.

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