綜述：金屬有機框架作為用于生物醫(yī)學的功能性材料

金屬有機框架（ MOFs ） 具備高比表面積、結構可調(diào)及良好生物相容性等特性，可通過多種方法合成，在生物醫(yī)學領域潛力巨大，能滿足疾病診斷、藥物輸送等需求。不過，其臨床應用存在生物環(huán)境中穩(wěn)定性差、長期生物安全性不明、大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)難等挑戰(zhàn)。

近日， 揚州大學龐歡教授和李育平副教授等人在Science China Materials發(fā)表綜述 論文，總結了用于生物醫(yī)學應用的MOFs的合成方法與特性，探討了其在生物傳感、靶向藥物輸送、組織工程支架等領域的新興應用。

本文要點

1) 在生物傳感和疾病診斷方面，MOF材料可作為熒光/電化學生物傳感平臺，實現(xiàn)對病理生物標志物的高靈敏特異檢測，促進疾病早期診斷。

2) 在藥物輸送和疾病治療方面， MOF 材料能封裝化療藥物實現(xiàn)靶向輸送和可控釋放，優(yōu)化藥物輸送效率，拓寬治療方式。

3) 在組織工程方面，可開發(fā)基于 MOFs 的適配生物材料促進組織再生。

該綜述為對抗疾病和推動生物醫(yī)學進步提供了新策略與方向。

Figure 1.(a) Quantitative literature analysis using VOSviewer software. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science with the keywords “metal-organic framework” and “biomedical” between 2015 and 2024. (b) The number of publications reported by the MOFs in different fields. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science with the keywords “metal-organic framework” and the name of the specific field between 2015 and 2024.

Figure 2.Typical synthetic strategies for MOFs and MOF composites. (a) Solvothermal method; (b) laser-assisted method; (c) electrochemical method; (d) microwave-assisted method; (e) ultrasound-assisted method; (f) mechanochemical method.

Figure 3.Different fantastic properties of MOFs that make them appropriate for biomedical applications. (a) MOFs encapsulate drugs, genes, or proteins via porous structures, enabling controlled, targeted delivery to lesions. (b) As contrast agents/labels (injected via syringe), MOFs enhance CT/MRI/PET/OI imaging contrast for disease diagnosis, visualizing lesions. (c) Combined with flexible circuits/fluorescent probes, MOFs enable precise bio-signal recognition and detection, aiding biomolecule sensing and disease diagnosis. (d) For wound repair, MOFs load antibacterial/healing agents via porous structures, inhibiting infection, reducing inflammation, and promoting repair. (e) MOFs encapsulate enzymes/sensitive drugs, protecting them from degradation (enzymatic/environmental) to prolong efficacy.

Figure 4.Applications of bio-MOFs in the drug delivery system.

文章信息

Zefan Sang, Guangxun Zhang, Yuping Li, Huan Pang. Metal-organic frameworks as functional materials for biomedicine. Sci. China Mater. (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-025-3703-8

（來源：網(wǎng)絡版權屬原作者 謹致謝意）