PNAS | 眼跳一動，地位先知：杏仁核用β/γ節(jié)律“預(yù)判”誰更強

基本信息：

Title: Saccade-related LFP power transients in the primate amygdala and hippocampus linked to the perception of social status

發(fā)表時間：2026.1.2

Journal:PNAS

影響因子：9.1

PNAS 2026 paper

引言

我們在看一段“社交沖突”視頻時，視線并不是隨機亂掃：誰更強勢、誰在威脅、誰在示弱，往往會決定我們下一次把眼睛挪到哪里、停多久。現(xiàn)實里也是一樣：開會時你會更常瞄向掌控話語權(quán)的人；在群體互動中，你會更關(guān)注被施壓者的表情變化，因為那里面藏著局勢走向。

問題是，大腦如何把這種“社會地位（social status）”的抽象判斷，轉(zhuǎn)化為毫秒級的眼跳（saccade）計劃？傳統(tǒng)的預(yù)測性重映射（predictive remapping）多在視覺皮層與眼動相關(guān)皮層回路討論，但杏仁核（amygdala）和海馬（hippocampus）并不屬于典型眼動核心網(wǎng)絡(luò)，卻與社會線索提取、面孔注視偏好、以及與記憶引導(dǎo)的注視選擇密切相關(guān)。作者提出一個關(guān)鍵假設(shè)：當觀察者在自然觀看中準備把目光轉(zhuǎn)向“更高地位”的對象時，杏仁核/海馬的局部場電位（local field potentials, LFP）會出現(xiàn)可測的、與社會地位相關(guān)的節(jié)律性功率瞬變（power transient），它既可能反映對即將注視目標的“預(yù)選擇”，也可能體現(xiàn)眼跳后對社會信息的“再加工”。因此，這項研究把“地位判斷”與“眼跳時間鎖定的神經(jīng)振蕩”直接扣在一起，試圖用頻段（β/γ）與時序（眼跳前/后）來回答：大腦究竟是在眼跳前就預(yù)測了“誰值得看”，還是在眼跳后才完成“看懂他的地位”。

核心發(fā)現(xiàn)

1）注視偏好：更常看“高地位”

觀看支配—服從互動時，猴子對支配者（dominant）的注視更久、更頻繁；眼跳在個體間切換時，可按“起點/落點地位”穩(wěn)定分型（圖1）。

2）時間鎖定反應(yīng)：眼跳后電位能區(qū)分“看誰”

杏仁核（amygdala）與海馬（hippocampus）的事件相關(guān)電位（ERP）在眼跳后出現(xiàn)差異，能區(qū)分注視支配者 vs 服從者，也能區(qū)分社會視頻 vs 物體/空屏（圖2）。

3）β段編碼“預(yù)判/事后”：看強者偏眼跳前，看弱者偏眼跳后

從服從者切到支配者時，杏仁核出現(xiàn)眼跳前高β（~20–25 Hz）功率增強；從支配者切到服從者時，更偏眼跳后β增強（圖3）。

4）γ段標記“社交眼跳”：跟隨支配者目光更早更強

在凝視跟隨（GF）與共同注意（JA）等“社交含量高”的眼跳中，指向支配者線索時，眼跳后低γ（~30–45 Hz）增強更早出現(xiàn)、幅度更強（圖4）。

歸納總結(jié)和點評

這項研究把“社會地位”從行為學(xué)上的注視偏好，進一步落到眼跳對齊的神經(jīng)振蕩上：杏仁核對“即將注視的對象是否高地位”給出眼跳前的β段預(yù)信號，而眼跳后的γ段更像是對落點社會信息的快速處理帶寬；海馬在普通地位切換中相對弱，但在GF/JA等高社會含量眼跳中與杏仁核一起出現(xiàn)γ段增強。整體上，作者用嚴謹?shù)膶φ眨ㄎ矬w視頻/空屏、條件相減TFHD、CAR去偽跡）把微弱但穩(wěn)定的±1 dB功率瞬變做成了“可解釋的社會變量”，為理解內(nèi)側(cè)顳葉如何“指揮我們在社交場景里看哪里”提供了清晰的電生理證據(jù)鏈。

核心圖表

Fig. 1. Subjects decode social status from videos of simulated hierarchical interactions and exhibit socially driven eye movements.

Fig. 2. Event-related potentials in the amygdala and hippocampus differentiate between stimulus types.

Fig. 3. The spectral signature of different saccade types.

Fig. 4. Gamma and beta power differentiate the social status of individuals who induce GF and JA saccades.

Abstract

A key aspect of healthy social functioning in both humans and nonhuman primates is the ability to extract status-related information from observing the social signals exchanged between individuals. Knowing the social status of others determines how long we look at them and how we engage with them in social interactions. While looking at faces and eyes requires a functionally intact amygdala, hippocampal memories guide the eyes toward socially relevant areas of a visual scene. We examined the local field potentials associated with socially meaningful eye movements in the amygdala and hippocampus of macaques as they watched videos of dominant–subordinate interactions among unfamiliar conspecifics. In both structures, the saccade-related potentials showed status-dependent amplitude modulation in specific frequency bands. In the amygdala, shifting gaze from lower- to higher-status individuals was associated with anticipatory power transients in the 20 to 25 Hz frequency band, whereas gaze shifts from higher- to lower-status individuals were marked by predominantly postsaccadic power transients. Following the gaze of the aggressive, dominant individual induced increased postsaccadic power in the gamma band in both the amygdala and hippocampus, with some variation in frequency depending on whether the saccade landed on the social partner or elsewhere. The timing, frequency, and status-specificity of these power transients reveal the contribution of the amygdala and hippocampus to the visual exploration of social scenes.