美國船級社(ABS)近期發布通告,針對散貨船首樓區域排水系統手動吸入閥(dewatering system manually operated suction valves)的合規性問題發出明確警示。通告顯示,ABS在近期檢查中發現兩艘分屬不同船東/管理公司的散貨船,均存在手動吸入閥關閉或設置操作限制缺陷。
1st Case: The suction valve was found in the closed position with a warning sign instructing the crew tokeep it closed while in port to avoid accidental discharges.
案例一:吸入閥處于關閉狀態,且附有警示標識,明確要求船員在港期間保持閥門關閉,以防發生意外排放。
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? 2nd Case: A label above the dewatering valve stated: “DO NOT OPEN WITHOUT CHIEF OFFICER’SPERMISSION”.
案例二:排水閥上方的標識顯示:“未經大副許可,嚴禁開啟”。
公約要求(散貨船)
SOLAS公約第十二章第13.1條結合MSC/Circ.1069通函及IACS UI SC179修訂版3號文件規定:
S74/CXII/R13: Refer to the Interpretation of SOLAS regulation XII/13 (MSC/Circ.1069).(This regulation applies to bulk carriers regardless of their date of construction)
1 On bulk carriers, the means for draining and pumping ballast tanks forward of the collision bulkhead and bilges of dry spaces any part of which extends forward of the foremost cargo hold shall be capable of being brought into operation from a readily accessible enclosed space, the location of which is accessible from the navigation bridge or propulsion machinery control position without traversing exposed freeboard or superstructure decks. Where pipes serving such tanks or bilges pierce the collision bulkhead, valve operation by means of remotely operated actuators may be accepted, as an alternative to the valve control specified in regulation II-1/12, provided that the location of such valve controls complies with this regulation.
2 Bulk carriers constructed before 1 July 2004 shall comply with the requirements of this regulation not later than the date of the first intermediate or renewal survey of the ship to be carried out after 1 July 2004, but, in no case, later than1 July 2007.
對于散貨船,碰撞艙壁前方壓載艙的排水和泵送裝置,以及任何部分延伸至最前貨艙前方的干貨艙艙底水排水和泵送裝置,均應能從一個易于到達的封閉空間啟動操作。該封閉空間的位置應滿足:從駕駛臺或推進機械控制位置可直接到達,無需穿越露天干舷甲板或上層建筑甲板。若為上述壓載艙或艙底水服務的管道穿透碰撞艙壁,則可采用遙控執行器操作閥門,作為第 II-1/12 條規則規定的閥門控制方式的替代方案,但此類閥門控制裝置的安裝位置必須符合本規則要求。
MSC/Circ.1069:
1 The spaces where availability of pumping systems is required in accordance with paragraph 1 of SOLAS regulation XII/13 should be the same watertight spaces where water level detectors are required in accordance with paragraph 1.3 of SOLAS regulation XII/12.
2 This means that paragraph 1 of regulation XII/13 does not apply to the enclosed spaces the volume of which does not exceed 0.1% of the ship's maximum displacement volume and to the chain cable locker.
要求配備水位探測器的水密艙室保持一致,就是要有聲光報警器。
容積不超過船舶最大排水量 0.1% 的封閉艙室和錨鏈艙,不需安裝聲光報警器。
ABS強調,公約已通過系統設計層面規避意外排放風險,無需通過關閉閥門的方式防控意外排放。
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這意味著,在港口等停泊場景下,只要不主動操作遙控閥和啟動相關泵組,即使手動吸入閥保持開啟,也不會發生意外排放。船方以“防排放”為由關閉手動吸入閥,本質上是對系統設計邏輯的誤解。
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檢查要點
1、相關處所是否設有水位探測器,安裝位置是否符合要求,并且在駕駛室顯示聲、光報警。
2、水位指示器應該能夠由兩個獨立的電源供電。主電源發生故障時應發出警報。
3、排放和泵吸位于防撞艙壁前方的壓載艙的壓載水以及其任何部分延伸至最前部貨艙前方的干燥處所的艙底水的閥門應能在集中控制室遙控控制。
4、檢查相關閥門是否處在正確的開或者關的位置。
5、檢查泵吸系統是否能正常排出處所內的液體。
6、檢查船員是否知曉報警的含義,是否熟悉系統的操作。
常見缺陷
1、船員不熟悉泵系有效性原理功能及設備的操作步驟。
2、排水閥門故障,遙控操作失效。“THE DEWATERING VALVES INSTALLED IN BOSUN STORE AND F.P.T BULKHEAD OUT OF ORDER AS UNABLE TO BE OPERATED REMOTELY FROM BRIDGE”
3、控制面板上遙控開關按鈕的標識序號與遙控閥的就地標識序號不一致。
4、相關處所用于排水的泵系存在缺陷,無法實現排水。“PUMP SYSTEM FAILED TO DRAIN WATER FROM FORE PEAK TANK”
5、艏尖艙排水結束后,報警裝置的越控開關沒有及時復位,導致該處所水位失去監測。
6、相關處所的水位探測器損壞、故障、誤報警,安裝位置不符合要求。
7、污水井中有雜物,排水管路堵塞。
8、進水報警系統故障、失效。
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