中國圍棋協會名譽主席聶衛平九段昨晚在北京病逝,享年73歲。
Nie Weiping, revered as the "Sage of Go", passed away in Beijing at the age of 73.
聶衛平被尊稱為“棋圣”,英文可以翻譯為“Sage of Go”。也許你會奇怪,為什么“圍棋”的英文不是weiqi,而是Go。
圍棋是世界上最古老的棋類游戲之一,誕生于中國的春秋戰國時期,“琴棋書畫”之“棋”,指的就是圍棋。
據侃英語,隋唐時期,圍棋從中國傳入日本,日語中圍棋的寫法是“碁”,通漢語中的“棋”,但發音是ゴ,類似英語中的go。
While the game originated in ancient China, its English name "Go" comes from Japanese, not from the English verb "to go".
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歷史資料顯示,“棋”在中國古代吳語地區的念法不讀作“qi”,而是“ɡi?”。當時,很多古吳語都傳去了日本,其中就包括這個“棋”字。這個字到了日本后,形變為“碁”,同時,音變為gio,最終定型為go的讀音。所以英文中表示圍棋的Go,就是一個音譯,跟作為動詞的go并不相關。
The term can be traced back to the game's introduction to Japan during the Sui and Tang dynasties. In Japanese, the character for Go is written as "碁", pronounced as "go", which derived from an ancient Wu Chinese reading of the character "棋" pronounced similarly to "gio".
那么,為什么英語要采用日語讀音Go來命名圍棋,而不是weiqi呢?這是因為歐美人最先是在日本而不是在中國接觸到圍棋的。
日本明治維新時期,一個叫奧斯卡·科歇爾特(Oscar Korschelt)的德國技術專家在日本接觸到圍棋后,深深地愛上了這種棋盤游戲,并將圍棋帶到了西方,畢生從事圍棋研究,還寫了一本圍棋界著名的書:
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由于他的推廣和介紹,西方世界自然而然采用日語的讀音“Go”來描述這種棋了。
When Westerners first encountered the game in the 19th century, it was through Japan rather than China. German engineer Oscar Korschelt, who learned to play Go during Japan's Meiji era, helped introduce it to the West. As a result, the Japanese pronunciation "Go" became adopted in English, rather than the Chinese "weiqi".
另附一些圍棋有關的英語小知識:
Notes
人類與AI的對弈,從“AlphaGo”開始, 這里的Go就是圍棋的意思。
圍棋棋手的等級分為“級”(kyu)和“段”(Dan)。
職業棋手分1-9段。
圍棋的規則相對其他棋類而言比較簡單,每個棋子必須有“氣”才能“活”,這個“氣”英文叫作liberty。
圍棋棋子的“眼”英文就叫eye,有兩眼(two eyes)或更多眼的棋子才算活(alive)。
圍棋的棋子叫stones(white stones, and black stones),棋盤叫board。
圍棋棋盤(the Go board)有19x19條線,交叉形成361個點(points)。
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圍棋起源于中國,經日本傳向世界。而聶衛平以畢生棋道讓世界重識:這古老智慧永恒的根脈,始終在中國。緬懷“棋圣”!
Nie Weiping, a ninth-dan professional, was instrumental in reviving worldwide recognition of China as the birthplace and home of this ancient strategic board game. His legacy reminds us that while Go traveled across cultures, its roots remain deeply Chinese.
來源:侃英語 譯介
跟著China Daily
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