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社會學國際頂刊

Journal of Marriage and Family

及其最新目錄與摘要

About JMF

The Journal of Marriage and Family (JMF), published by the National Council on Family Relations, has been the leading research journal in the family field for more than 75 years and is consistently the most highly cited journal in Family Science. JMF features original research and theory using the variety of methods reflective of the full range of social sciences, including quantitative, qualitative, and multi-method designs; research interpretation; integrative review; reports on methodological and statistical advances; and critical discussion concerning all aspects of marriage, other forms of close relationships, and families. The journal also publishes brief reports.

Journal Metrics

Current Issue

JMF 最新一期(Volume 87, Issue 5)的內容包括以下五個欄目：

• Parental Leave

• Parenthood, Parenting and Parent-Child Relations

• Partnered Relationship Experiences

• Family Factors Shaping Child and Adolescent Education

• Brief Report

共計19篇文章，詳情如下。

原版目錄

Parental Leave

Paternity leave-taking and early childhood development: A longitudinal analysis in Singapore

Nanxun Li, Wei-Jun Jean Yeung

Objective

This study investigates the longitudinal association between paternity leave-taking and multiple domains of young children's developmental outcomes and identifies the underlying mediating mechanisms through fathers' involvement, father–child closeness, and family dynamics.

Background

Some Asian societies have recently initiated parental or paternity leave policies to encourage fathers' participation in childcare and raise fertility rates. However, little is known about whether and how this policy influences early childhood development in a mid-to-long-term period from preschool to early primary school years.

Methods

Using two waves of data from the Singapore Longitudinal Early Development Study (SG-LEADS), we conduct structural equation modeling to examine both the direct and indirect effects of paternity leave-taking on children's academic and behavioral outcomes when they are 3–8?years old. Propensity score matching is adopted in sensitivity analyses, presenting that the effect of paternity leave is not due to selection.

Results

Taking 2?weeks or more of paternity leave is associated with fathers' increased involvement in childcare activities, strengthened father–child closeness, and enhanced family dynamics. Taking paternity leave has both direct and indirect effects on promoting children's academic achievements, whereas much of its impact on reducing children's behavior problems is through an indirect effect of improving family dynamics.

Conclusion

Relatively short paternity leave (2?weeks) could have cumulative effects on children's development from early to middle childhood, mainly through cohesive father–child and parental relationships. The study findings have policy implications for enhancing work–family reconciliation and promoting gender equality in society, especially in the Asian context.

Gone too long or back too soon? Perceptions of paid parental leave-taking and variations by gender and family structure

Richard J. Petts, Reilly Kincaid, Trenton D. Mize, Gayle Kaufman

Objective

This study examines perceptions of paid leave-taking itself and variations in these perceptions by parent gender, sexual orientation, and marital status.

Background

Previous research largely focuses on the consequences associated with leave-taking, particularly highlighting workplace penalties associated with leave-taking. There has also been limited attention to workers with diverse family forms. We seek to better understand the culture surrounding paid parental leave in the U.S. by focusing on evaluations of leave-taking itself and whether such evaluations may reduce or exacerbate inequalities by gender, sexual orientation, and marital status.

Method

We use data on 2964 U.S. respondents from a survey experiment in which employer-offered paid parental leave-taking, parent gender, sexual orientation, and marital status were randomly assigned. We use OLS models to assess perceptions of paid leave-taking and the causal effects of parent gender, sexual orientation, and marital status on these perceptions.

Results

We find that respondents view 11?weeks of paid parental leave as the right amount of leave, on average. We also find variations in perceptions of leave-taking by parent gender, sexual orientation, and marital status; mothers with husbands and single parents are viewed more favorably for taking longer leaves than fathers with wives, mothers with wives, and fathers with husbands.

Conclusion

There is increasing support for paid leave within the U.S., but support for parents' leave-taking largely reflects gendered stereotypes and may reinforce broader patterns of gender inequality.

How Does Taking Parental Leave Affect the Wages of Highly Educated Parents?

Steffen Jaksztat, Lea Goldan, Christiane Gross

Objective

The aim of this paper is to analyze (a) how highly educated women and men differ in their parental leave-taking behavior and (b) how parental leave-taking affects their subsequent wages.

Background

Labor market theories suggest that taking parental leave can have negative effects on career progress and wages. Consequently, the fact that women are much more likely than men to take parental leave is likely to contribute to long-term career-related gender inequalities. At the same time, some studies have shown that wage losses resulting from parental leave are greater for men than for women and are especially pronounced among highly qualified individuals.

Method

We analyzed data from a nationally representative panel study (7 waves from 2015 to 2021) with doctoral graduates in Germany from the cohort 2013/2014. We used fixed-effects regressions to estimate intra-individual changes in hourly wages due to parental leave-taking.

Results

Highly educated women took parental leave more often and for much longer periods than highly educated men did. Taking extended parental leave was associated with a reduction in hourly wages. However, this general finding was slightly insignificant for first-time parents. Against expectations, our analyses did not confirm higher wage penalties for men following a period of parental leave.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the gender-specific use of parental leave is an important factor in the gender pay gap.

Parenthood, Parenting

and Parent-Child Relations

“I don't try to seek him out”: Views of child support over time

Grace Landrum-Hall, Sarah Halpern-Meekin, Maretta Darnell McDonald

Objective

This study examines how mothers with limited incomes think about the relationship between child support, making ends meet, and co-parenting relationships early in children's lives.

Background

Research has documented how formal and informal child support can be important resources for custodial parents and their children. Whether and how child support arrangements are made can be complicated by relationship dissolution, parental repartnering, and co-parents' relationship quality. Prior studies suggest relationship dynamics shape the financial support that noncustodial parents provide to custodial parents. We examine how custodial parents balance relationships and finances in their approaches to pursuing formal and informal child support.

Method

We used inductive and deductive coding methods to analyze interviews completed with 58 mothers approximately every year over the first 4?years of their children's lives. Mothers were part of the Baby's First Years study, a U.S.-based randomized controlled trial assessing the impacts of additional income on child development.

Results

Mothers' decision-making around child support and family relationships were interconnected and dynamic across children's early years. Mothers' interest in and willingness to make financial demands of fathers was complicated by their relational goals of maintaining or limiting fathers' contact with their families.

Conclusion

Child support policy exclusively focuses on financial resource provision, but custodial mothers do not.

Implications

Policymakers and scholars should consider the ways in which child support policies may not align with custodial parents' relational goals.

Surveilling system exposure and parental institutional disengagement

Allison Dwyer Emory, Grace C. Sementilli

Objective

We analyze the degree to which parents' direct and vicarious exposure to the Criminal Justice System (CJS), Child Support Enforcement (CSE), and Child Protective Services (CPS) is associated with disengagement from formal institutions.

Background

Exposure to social control systems is pervasive in the US, disproportionately impacting socioeconomically disadvantaged families and communities of color. While links between CJS exposure and institutional disengagement are well established, similar features of CSE and CPS contact provide strong theoretical reasons to anticipate similar associations.

Method

Using data from both mothers and fathers in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we conducted a series of multivariate regressions to model institutional disengagement as a function of prior recent contact with the CJS, CSE, and CPS. Models incorporate both direct and vicarious contact and stratify by parental coresidence to capture implications for family systems.

Results

We find evidence of greater institutional disengagement among parents with direct CJS involvement, fathers at risk of CSE contact, and mothers with CPS exposure. While fathers' recent conviction or incarceration was linked with maternal institutional disengagement, we find no such associations with vicarious system contact among fathers, nor for the two other forms of system contact.

Conclusion

This study expands the robust literature identifying how CJS involvement reshapes engagement with a wide range of other institutions, suggesting that contact with other systems with the authority to surveil and punish may similarly disrupt how families navigate institutions and secure important resources.

How Do Parents Share Childcare That Interferes With Paid Work? Work Arrangements, Flexible Working, and Childcare

Bernice Kuang, Brienna Perelli-Harris, Ann Berrington

Objective

This study examines how mothers and fathers divide childcare tasks that interfere with paid work and whether there is an association with patterns of work and access to work flexibility.

Background

Childcare encompasses a range of diverse tasks, yet is persistently gendered, with women doing more than men, regardless of work arrangements. Flexible working can exacerbate childcare inequalities among working couples, but less is known about how flexible working is associated with the gender division of childcare tasks that directly interfere with the workday.

Method

We used the UK Generations and Gender Survey (2022–23), a stratified national probability sample, to study heterosexual couples with children under the age of 12 (n?=?1152). Using logistic regression, we analyze the gender division of specific childcare tasks and associations with work arrangements (i.e., dual earner, male/female breadwinner, and less than full-time work) and work flexibility (i.e., doing work from home and access to flexible hours).

Results

Childcare tasks that interfere with the workday (i.e., staying home with ill children, getting children dressed, dropping children off at school or childcare) are particularly gendered. Fathers working from home or having access to flexible hours were associated with a higher likelihood of equally sharing these tasks; the same relationship was not found for mothers.

Conclusion

Fathers' access to and use of flexible working may help to address one persistent form of gender inequality.

Parenthood in Europe: Not More Life Satisfaction, but More Meaning in Life

Ansgar Hudde, Marita Jacob

Objective

This study contrasts the associations between parenthood and two central components of subjective well-being: life satisfaction and meaning in life.

Background

Theoretical arguments and previous research based on qualitative analyses suggest that parenthood might lower life satisfaction but increase meaning in life. This study provides the first test of this idea based on a large-scale, multicountry analysis, considering heterogeneity in the link between parenthood and well-being across sociodemographic groups and national contexts.

Methods

The data were sourced from the European Social Survey, with more than 43,000 respondents from 30 countries. Multilevel regression models tested the role of parenthood, proxied by the presence of children in the household, on life satisfaction and meaning in life, with separate analyses conducted for women and men. Additional analyses investigated heterogeneity across sociodemographic groups and country clusters.

Results

The link between parenthood and life satisfaction varied significantly by gender and context, tending to be more negative for parents facing more challenging conditions. Conversely, the analyses revealed a consistent positive link between parenthood and meaning in life for both women and men, regardless of social and national context.

Conclusion

Parenthood is linked to lower life satisfaction for some groups but to higher meaning in life across diverse populations. However, under certain conditions, such as the culture and policy context of the Nordic countries, parenthood is associated with both higher life satisfaction and meaning, two key components of a good life.

Parenthood and Gendered Mental Health: The Role of Paid Work and Housework Time

Sandrine Metzger, Pablo Gracia

Objective

This study examines the role of changes in paid work and housework time on first-time mothers' and fathers' mental health trajectories.

Background

The transition into parenthood is a key life course event with important consequences for individuals' activity patterns and couples' division of labor. Yet, whether gendered shifts in paid and domestic work time are linked to men's and women's mental health during the transition to parenthood remains unclear.

Method

Using large-scale panel data from the Australian HILDA survey for men and women in different-sex couples (2002–2022; N?=?5932), we apply a longitudinal mediation framework with fixed effects models to determine the extent to which mental health trajectories are affected by changes in paid work and housework hours across the first transition into parenthood, considering both individual and partner-relative contributions.

Results

Individual and partner-relative paid work hours are positively associated with mental health for both men and women, while individual housework hours negatively impact only women. Following parenthood, women experience substantial reductions in paid work and increases in housework hours, but men's time use stays unchanged. Accordingly, despite overall improvements in women's mental health trajectories, findings show that these parenthood-related changes in time allocations suppress some of the positive effects of childbearing for women, whereas men remain unaffected.

Conclusion

The transition to parenthood markedly reinforces gendered time use patterns in paid work and housework within couples, with disadvantageous shifts for women that result in small reductions in first-time mothers' mental health trajectories. The potential factors underlying these findings are discussed.

“Mom, I'm Polyamorous”: Parental Reactions to Polyamory Identity Disclosures

Mari Tarantino, Caroline Sanner, Shivangi Gupta, Jim Tillett

Objective

Guided by communication privacy management theory, the current study explored whether and how people who are nonmonogamous disclose their nonmonogamy to their parents, as well as parental reactions to identity disclosures.

Background

Consensual nonmonogamy (CNM) refers to the practice of openly negotiating and engaging in romantic, emotional, or sexual connections with multiple partners concurrently, with the consent of all partners involved. CNM remains highly stigmatized, contributing to CNM as a hidden social identity that often is undisclosed. As a result, people in CNM relationships must make ongoing decisions about whether, how, and why to disclose their identities and relationships to others, including to family members.

Method

We conducted interviews with 28 CNM and polyamorous people about their experiences disclosing (or not disclosing) to parents that they are nonmonogamous. Data were analyzed using grounded theory procedures.

Results

Results reveal insights into how people disclosed their CNM identity to parents, parental reactions to CNM disclosures, reasons for not disclosing to parents, and the experience of concealing CNM identities and relationships from family.

Conclusion

This study adds to emergent research on polyamory and CNM within family science and illuminates how adult children navigate their CNM identities within family contexts.

Partnered Relationship Experiences

Lifting the Veil: Exploring Premarital Hesitation and Engagement Dissolution Consideration

J. Kale Monk, Tyler Jamison, Matthew A. Ogan, Karen E. Talley, Dawson E. Boron, Jennifer L. Harper, Amber Haas, Lauren Huff

Objective

This study examines real-time narratives from online forum users to understand their experiences with premarital uncertainty and gain insight into the decision-making process around dissolving wedding engagements.

Background

Issues that lead to marital dissolution often emerge early in relationships, making the engagement period a critical phase to address concerns before the legal and emotional complexities of marriage arise. Informed by interdependence and relational turbulence theories, this study investigated how engaged individuals articulate their premarital uncertainties and potential dissolution considerations during the engagement period.

Methods

Using a grounded theory approach, we analyzed data from 36 Reddit posts about premarital hesitation, alongside 2213 associated comments, from 1535 unique individuals.

Results

Original posters (OPs) struggled with concerns about the future of their relationships while expressing ongoing feelings of love and commitment to their partners. Commenters validated OPs' concerns and encouraged them to visualize their future marriage.

Conclusion

We uncovered a premarital hesitation process characterized by emotional ambivalence, reappraisals of the past, and conjecture about the future. Using Reddit data revealed the complexities of stay/leave decisions and the potential role that outsiders can play in responding to relational uncertainty. This rich, naturally occurring dialogue offers rare insights into relationship dynamics that are often elusive in traditional research.

Implications

Premarital educators and clinicians should consider how couples may be seeking relationship advice in non-therapeutic spaces. Additionally, researchers could further leverage online forums to collect data from populations that are difficult to reach through conventional methods.

Roka Engagements and the Hybridization of Arranged and “Love” Marriage in Urban India

Megan N. Reed

Objective

This study examines the role of roka marriage engagements in blurring the distinction between self-choice, also known as “love” marriage, and arranged marriage in urban India.

Background

Arranged marriage remains highly prevalent in India though recent research suggests that arranged marriages today increasingly incorporate elements of choice and compatibility. Previous research, however, has overlooked the important role of marriage engagements in this transformation. In North India, a roka ceremony often formalizes an arranged marriage match and marks the beginning of the engagement period.

Method

This study uses data from 48 interviews conducted in 2018 and 2019 with recently married couples, unmarried young people, and parents in the New Delhi area. All respondents were part of the college-educated middle class.

Results

Couples in arranged marriages were found to engage in courtship during their engagement, drawing on the scripts of romantic love and deviating from traditional practices that disallowed contact before the wedding. This courtship sometimes leads to a broken engagement. Roka engagements are also important, albeit for different aims, for couples in premarital romantic relationships. They often use the roka engagement to signal that they have obtained parental endorsement of their self-chosen match, an important step in avoiding social stigma and achieving the social legitimacy of their relationship.

Conclusions

The case of roka engagements reveals important ways in which the definition of arranged marriage has expanded to incorporate romantic love, emotional compatibility, and autonomy.

What is your type? Latent classes of newly married couples' gender ideologies

Ashley Larsen Gibby, Jane Lankes Smith, Jeremy B. Yorgason, Aubrey Bardsley, Erin Kramer Holmes, Spencer L. James

Objective

This study aims to understand how married couples agree or disagree on gender ideologies, as well as what sociodemographic characteristics are related to these pairings.

Background

Past studies have explored the multidimensional nature of gender ideologies within individuals; however, this multidimensionality at the couple level is less understood. Although some research suggests couples will largely agree on gender ideologies, other theories imply that women in different-sex couples will be more gender progressive than their partners.

Method

Using data from 1290 different-sex couples married mostly in 2014 who participated in a nationally representative study in the United States, the authors identified latent classes of partners' gender ideologies using several measures. The authors then examined how latent class membership varied by sociodemographic characteristics using multinomial regression.

Results

Results showed five underlying latent classes: Moderate (30%), Strongly Egalitarian (20%), Nuanced Traditional (20%), Mixed (18%), and Neutral (12%). About 82% of couples in the sample consisted of two partners who shared similar views. Results showed high levels of non-extreme stances. About 42% of couples belonged in either a Neutral class—neither agreeing nor disagreeing with the gender ideology measures—or a Moderate class. Several sociodemographic characteristics significantly predicted class membership.

Conclusion

Findings provide support for assortative mating—people tend to agree with their spouse on gender ideologies. Further, the findings show that although some individuals stuck “in the middle” between traditionalism and egalitarianism adopt moderate views, others seemingly adopt what the authors title firm equivocation.

Economic situation and late-life divorce: A “his” and “hers” perspective

Linda Kridahl, Sofi Ohlsson-Wijk, Ann-Zofie Duvander

Objective

This study investigated the association between individuals' economic situation and divorce among the population aged 60+ in Sweden, with a focus on the role of gender and potential changes across cohorts.

Background

Previous research on divorce has mainly considered individuals of working age or all ages combined, although late-life divorce is increasing in several Western countries. Economic considerations regarding divorce may differ for older members of the population, who often have a more restricted economic situation and fewer possibilities to respond to the consequences of a dissolution.

Method

Using Swedish population registers, this study investigated late-life divorce among cohorts born 1930–1956. Discrete-time event-history analysis was employed to study the relationship between income (recent and accumulated individual income, and spouses combined income levels) and divorce across gender and cohorts.

Results

For women, the results showed a shifting pattern from a positive to a slightly negative gradient of the two individual income measures for divorce. Men had an increasingly negative income gradient in divorce across cohorts. The results for combined income levels for couples corroborate these patterns. Late-life divorce has become increasingly linked to low income over cohorts.

Conclusion

The novel findings for older individuals mirror previous findings on trends in the general population, although those studies used other socioeconomic measures. As the association between income and divorce becomes increasingly negative among older women and men, and as the divorce rate increases, there is a growing need to understand different aspects of couple dynamics in later life.

Relational Turbulence Among Retired Couples in Arab Society: An APIM Analysis

Reem Nashef-Hamuda, Roi Estlein, Yuval Palgi, Dikla Segel-Karpas

Objective

This study examined how relational uncertainty and partner interdependence predict marital satisfaction and intimacy among post-retirement Arab couples in Israel.

Background

Retirement has rarely been studied in Arab society, despite its growing relevance due to significant shifts in family roles, gender norms, and social structures. Understanding how couples navigate this life transition is critical, especially in conservative cultural contexts. The Relational Turbulence Model (RTM) offers a useful framework for exploring how uncertainty and interdependence affect relationship quality in later life.

Method

The sample included 108 retired heterosexual Arab couples (N?=?216; husbands' age M?=?70.31, wives' age M?=?65.07; average marital duration?=?43.58?years). Dyadic data were analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). The study controlled for gender, religion, and financial status and focused on five relational turbulence variables: self-uncertainty, partner uncertainty, relationship uncertainty, interference, and facilitation.

Results

All five relational turbulence variables significantly predicted both marital satisfaction and intimacy. Strong partner effects were found, indicating that one's partner's uncertainty and interdependence significantly contributed to one's own relationship perceptions. No gender differences or moderating effects were observed.

Conclusion

Findings Extend RTM to Post-Retirement Couples Within Arab Society and Highlight the Dyadic Nature of Relational Turbulence in Later Life.

Implications

Results offer valuable insight for researchers and practitioners working with older couples in culturally traditional contexts undergoing social change.

Family Factors Shaping

Childand Adolescent Education

Preschools, family social capital, and child development in Cambodia

Sothy Eng, Kelly Grace

Objectives

This study examined how preschool participation facilitates family social capital and children's development in Cambodia.

Background

In many developing Asian nations, limited preschool access poses challenges to child development. Drawing on Coleman's social capital theory, this study examines how Cambodia's informal preschools facilitate family social capital and support child development.

Method

Data were collected from 756 parents/caregivers aged 16–77 (M?=?40) of 3–5-year-olds across 41 preschools. Dependent variables included cognitive, social–emotional, and health outcomes, while independent variables included parental involvement, gender role attitudes, fatalistic beliefs, social networks, and family violence, conceptualized as family social capital. Data analyses were conducted using hierarchical linear regressions, with family social capital tested as a mediator.

Results

Results showed that children in state and community-based preschools achieved higher cognitive, social–emotional, and health scores than those without preschool access. Parents of preschoolers exhibited lower adherence to traditional gender roles, higher parental involvement, larger social networks, lower fatalistic beliefs, and lower abusive behaviors. Family social capital partially mediated the relationships between preschool participation and developmental outcomes, with the mediating effects being particularly pronounced in informal preschool settings (community- and home-based programs) for social–emotional development.

Conclusion

Family social capital enhances child development, especially in informal preschools, bridging educational gaps and creating environments that promote cognitive, social–emotional, and health outcomes in children.

Implications

Interventions aimed at building family social capital—such as parenting workshops, social support networks, and community engagement initiatives—could serve as effective strategies to further support child development.

Mexican-origin mothers' and fathers' workplace ethnic–racial discrimination and youth's educational adjustment

Stefanie Martinez-Fuentes, Kimberly A. Updegraff, Adriana J. Uma?a-Taylor, Katharine H. Zeiders

Objective

Drawing from the integrative model and emotional spillover framework, the current study examined whether parents' experiences of ethnic–racial discrimination informed Latino adolescents' educational adjustment via features of their adaptive culture (i.e., families' relationship quality and cultural socialization practices) and youth's ethnic–racial identity.

Background

The integrative model suggests that minoritized youth and families encounter systems of ethno-racial stratification, which indirectly inform youth developmental competencies. This study examined a longitudinal model that explored whether Mexican-origin mothers' and fathers' ethnic–racial discrimination informed their parent–child relationship quality, their cultural socialization and, in turn, youth's ethnic–racial identity and educational outcomes.

Method

Data came from a sample of 246 Mexican-origin families, including mothers (M age ?=?39?years, SD?=?4.63; 70% Mexico-born), fathers (M age ?=?41.70?years, SD?=?5.76; 69% Mexico-born), and adolescents (M age ?= 12.51?years, SD?=?.76; 62% US-born). Each family member was interviewed separately at three waves spanning a period of 8?years.

Results

Indirect associations included mother discrimination to youth ethnic–racial identity via mother cultural socialization, and mother–adolescent acceptance to youth ethnic–racial identity via mother cultural socialization. Direct associations emerged between mother–child relationship quality and youth outcomes. Father reports were not associated with youth's adjustment.

Conclusion

Findings underscore the importance of mother–adolescent relationships for youth's understanding of their ethnic–racial identity and educational outcomes and as a significant familial relationship that supports youth's development. Although fathers' frequent discrimination relates to greater cultural socialization, the ways youth draw on this relationship for their ethnic–racial identity and educational adjustment may be more nuanced and require further examination.

Brief Report

The Role of Interparental Conflict in Divergent Perceptions of Parenting

Carlie J. Sloan, Stephanie T. Lanza, Emily J. Forrester, Mark E. Feinberg, Gregory M. Fosco

Objective

This study aimed to identify whether interparental conflict (IPC) is associated with patterns of convergence and divergence in parent–adolescent perceptions of parental warmth.

Background

Adolescents and parents often have divergent perceptions of parenting (informant discrepancies). Parents engaged in IPC may be particularly prone to lapses in warmth, while simultaneously being less likely to be aware of these lapses, leading to informant discrepancies in perceptions of parenting.

Method

Data from 687 adolescents (M age?=?11.3) from two-parent households was subsampled from the PROSPER (PROmoting School-community-university Partnerships to Enhance Resilience) trials, which involved families from two rural regions of the United States. Five latent profiles with varying degrees of adolescent–parent convergence and divergence in reports of parental warmth, identified in a prior study, were examined.

Results

Higher adolescent-reported IPC was associated with a higher likelihood of divergence, in which adolescents perceived lower warmth than one or both parents. Mother- and father-reported IPC were also associated with patterns of divergence in which adolescents perceived lower warmth than parents, albeit less consistently than adolescent reports.

Conclusion

Findings suggest IPC may impact the parent–child relationship to a greater degree for adolescents than for parents, creating discrepancies.

Implications

Additional research is needed in order to understand the nature and timing of the relationship between IPC and family informant discrepancies. A stronger understanding of the interrelations between IPC and discrepancies can inform prevention approaches with the goal of promoting healthy youth development and positive family relationships.

Gender-Role Attitudes and Marriage Desires Among Never-Married Adults in South Korea

Soo-Yeon Yoon, Hyunjoon Park

Objective

Complementing existing economic and structural explanations of trends toward later and less marriage in Korea, this study focuses on the part played by gender-role attitudes in shaping never-married adults' marriage desires, which, in turn, are likely to affect their marriage behavior.

Background

The persistent characteristic of marriage in Korea as a package requiring multiple family roles and obligations may conflict with the changing gender-role attitudes that have been facilitated by women's educational expansion and labor force participation. This inconsistency may impact never-married adults' desire to marry.

Method

We analyzed data from a recent online survey that asked unmarried Korean men and women aged 25–49 about their desires for marriage and attitudes toward gender roles. Using factor analysis and ordered logit regression, we examined the association between gender-role attitudes and marriage desires among never-married adults.

Results

Factor analysis identified two distinct dimensions underlying gender-role attitudes among never-married Korean adults: (1) attitudes toward the primacy of the breadwinner role for men and (2) attitudes toward the incongruency of work and family for women. We found that gender-role attitudes were significantly associated with marriage desires for women but not for men.

Conclusion

The stronger relevance of gender-role attitudes for women's marriage desires is consistent with the salience of the marriage package for Korean women. We discuss the implications of our findings for the continued decline in marriage rates in Korea.

Sex of Child, the Fatherhood Bonus, and Fathers' Work Hours

Elizabeth Aura McClintock, Emily Fitzgibbons Shafer

Objective

This research note examines whether the fatherhood bonus—the earnings increase that men, on average, experience after the birth of a child—varies by sex of child, a largely overlooked dimension of heterogeneity. We also consider men's paid work hours, as an indicator of time available for active parenting and of men's devotion to breadwinning.

Background

Competing social understandings of fathers as providers and fathers as caregivers create ambiguity in defining “good fathering.” In practice, fathers spend more time with sons compared to daughters, suggesting that fathers of sons disproportionately understand “good fathers” as involved parents, whereas fathers of daughters understand “good fathers” as financial providers. If so, fathers of daughters would experience a larger fatherhood bonus and longer work hours, as compared to fathers of sons.

Method

Using fixed-effects analysis and data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 cohort, the authors examine variation by sex of child in the impact of fatherhood on men's earnings and hours worked.

Results

Fathers of daughters experience a larger fatherhood bonus than fathers of sons. For married men, who experience the largest fatherhood bonus, the birth of a daughter is associated with increased paid work hours, but the birth of a son is associated with unchanged or reduced work hours.

Conclusions

These results are suggestive of sex-of-child differences in men's understanding of good fathering.

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《中國社會學學刊》（The Journal of Chinese Sociology）于2014年10月由中國社會科學院社會學研究所創辦。作為中國大陸第一本英文社會學學術期刊，JCS致力于為中國社會學者與國外同行的學術交流和合作打造國際一流的學術平臺。JCS由全球最大科技期刊出版集團施普林格·自然(Springer Nature)出版發行，由國內外頂尖社會學家組成強大編委會隊伍，采用雙向匿名評審方式和“開放獲取”(open access)出版模式。JCS已于2021年5月被ESCI收錄。2022年，JCS的CiteScore分值為2.0（Q2），在社科類別的262種期刊中排名第94位，位列同類期刊前36%。2023年，JCS在科睿唯安發布的2023年度《期刊引證報告》（JCR）中首次獲得影響因子并達到1.5（Q3）。2025年JCS最新影響因子1.3，位列社會學領域期刊全球前53%（Q3）。

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