如果你練口語(yǔ)練過(guò)“建筑”相關(guān)話(huà)題,那么你大概率會(huì)遇到一個(gè)問(wèn)題:不知道怎么用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)“小區(qū)”。
出現(xiàn)這一困惑是正常的,因?yàn)椤靶^(qū)”完全是一個(gè)中國(guó)特色事物,在英語(yǔ)國(guó)家根本找不到對(duì)等的概念。
國(guó)內(nèi)的小區(qū)通常是統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃的大規(guī)模封閉居住區(qū),以高樓為主,內(nèi)部有專(zhuān)用道路,并且通常帶有花園和底商。
國(guó)外雖然也有公寓樓,但它們基本都是單體樓或者小規(guī)模建筑群,而且都是開(kāi)放式的,沒(méi)有圍墻。
一些人將“小區(qū)”翻譯成community,但這一說(shuō)法并不準(zhǔn)確,因?yàn)閏ommunity強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“人”的概念,它的意思更加接近于“群體,團(tuán)體”。
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那么“小區(qū)”應(yīng)該如何翻譯呢?前兩個(gè)月國(guó)內(nèi)剛好有一條新聞:“十四五”期間全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)老舊小區(qū)改造惠及1.1億人。
新華社也進(jìn)行了報(bào)道,標(biāo)題是:
China's renovation projects for oldresidential compoundsbenefit over 110 million since 2021: minister
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正文還有這樣的句子:
More than 110 million Chinese people have benefited from the country's large-scale renovation projects for oldresidential compoundsduring the 14th Five-Year Plan period…
將“小區(qū)”翻譯成了residential compound,這一譯法是比較準(zhǔn)確的。
《劍橋詞典》對(duì)compound的定義是:
an area surrounded by fences or walls which contains a group of buildings
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單詞指的是“一片圍起來(lái)的區(qū)域”,residential compound即“圍起來(lái)的居民樓”,比較接近小區(qū)的定義。
外媒也用過(guò)這個(gè)詞,比如ABC News前兩年在報(bào)道北京的降溫天氣時(shí)有這樣的句子:
However, someresidential compoundswill still be affected during the device maintenance period, the media reports said.
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這里用residential compounds來(lái)指北京的小區(qū)。
除了這一說(shuō)法,“小區(qū)”也可以翻譯成apartment complex。
《柯林斯詞典》對(duì)它的解釋是是:
An apartment complex is a group of buildings that contain apartments and are managed by the same company.
這個(gè)定義也比較符合國(guó)內(nèi)“小區(qū)”的定義。
前幾年有老外專(zhuān)門(mén)在國(guó)外論壇Reddit上面提問(wèn)說(shuō)中國(guó)的小區(qū)應(yīng)該怎么說(shuō):
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下面最高贊的美國(guó)人有這樣的回答:
If you mean one of the groups of apartment buildings all under the same name, I would call that an 'apartment complex'.
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YouTube上面有一對(duì)外國(guó)博主夫婦住在杭州,他們?cè)诮榻B自己小區(qū)時(shí)用的詞也是apartment complex。
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此外,如果要表達(dá)“我住在XX小區(qū)”,我們可以直接說(shuō):I live in XX,然后做進(jìn)一步解釋。比如“我住在天通苑小區(qū)”,用英文可以說(shuō):I live in Tiantongyuan, a huge apartment complex in Beijing.
如果是要表達(dá)“街區(qū)”,可以用一個(gè)詞:neighbourhood,它的意思相當(dāng)于:
the area of a town that surrounds someone's home, or the people who live in this area
比如:They live in a wealthy neighbourhood. 他們住在一個(gè)富裕的街區(qū)。
來(lái)源:英文悅讀
跟著China Daily
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